Uses of Modals

( polite request ( only with I or we

present & future
?May I borrow your car
?May we send you a package


formal permission
present & future
you may ride the car now


certainty less than 50%
present/ future/ past
?Where is your wife
She may be at school


?Where was your wife
She may have been at school




Might

certainty less than 50%
present/ future/ past
?Where is your wife
She might be at school


?Where was your wife
She might have been at school

يجب

should refers to an advice in present and future and about mistake in the past

Advice
you shuld study hard for exam

Mistake
should have كان يجب
you should have studied hard last night, but you did not


Should is 90% certainty (expectation) as

I should do well in the next exam
(future only and not present)

I should have got a high mark in the last exam
(just past)

Ought to
90%( certainty (expectation
she ought to practice for ballet next week
future only and not present

she ought to have practised for ballet last week, but she didnt
just past

Ought to as advice
you ought to do your work this morning
I ought to have studied last night, but I didnt

Had better

Had better is used when we talk about something excluding an advice with a threat of bad result

You had better be on time, or you will lose the bus

Had better is not usually used in the past

Should not have
ما كان يجب

we use should not have to express late advice of something was done wrongly and can not be corrected

You should not have bought your car before taking your money

Be supposed من المفترض

Expectation
(future)
I'm supposed to leave at 8:00 pm


Unfulfilled expectation
(past)
I was supposed to leave at 8:00 pm, but the journey didn't start until 9:00 pm

شكرا ع المرور